1. United States
2. N.Y.
3. Letter

Trespass on State Sovereignty (Belligerent Occupation) In his conduct while President of the United States, Donald John Trump, in violation of his constitutional oath faithfully to execute the office of President of the United States and, to the best of his ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and in violation of his constitutional duty to take care that the laws be faithfully executed, has violated the sovereignty of states of the Union and violated the principle of equality among sovereign states of the Union, thus destabilizing the Union itself, in that: The UN General Assembly, reflecting the consensus of the international community, understands any military occupation resulting from an invasion by the armed forces of one State into the territory of another State is an act of aggression, regardless of a declaration of war. The United States Constitution reflects a similar principle within our federal system governing a union of sovereign states, conditioning the federal power to deploy state militia on the consent of the state whose sovereign territory would be entered through the Domestic Violence Clause. On October 5th, acting on Donald John Trump’s intent as stated to U.S. generals on September 30th, Secretary of Defense Peter B Hegseth invoked 10 U.S.C § 12406 to federalize and bring under Department of Defense control up to 400 National Guard from the State of Texas to deploy into Chicago. On October 6th, Governor Pritzker, executive leader of the sovereign state of Illinois, recognized that Donald John Trump’s deployment of Texas National Guard troops into Illinois territory against his government’s consent is an “invasion”. Donald J. Trump pursued this military occupation against judicial authority, disregarding court injunctions and attempting to circumvent the United States courts to deploy the National Guard from one state into the sovereign territory of another state against that state’s consent. Further, Donald John Trump disavowed any legal authority available to him by virtue of his office when he confessed to US generals under his command on September 30, 2025 that he himself understands his actions amount to war. In directing the militia of one state to enter the sovereign territory of another state against the consent of that state’s government, Donald John Trump has levied war against the United States, as understood by the international community’s consideration of the proper relationship between the armed forces of co-equal sovereign entities. Therefore, Donald John Trump’s conduct demands impeachment and trial, and removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States. References: Donald J. Trump. “Donald Trump Addresses Military Leadership in Quantico, Virginia.” Rollcall.com, Sep 30, 2025. Ex Parte Bollman and Swartout 8 U.S. 75 (1807) at 133. See e.g., McCarthy, K. (2025, Nov 17). Assessing the Trump Revolution ft. Kevin McCarthy [Webinar]. Harvard Institute of Politics; The Economist. “Trump is a revolutionary. Will he succeed?” The Economist, Apr 24, 2025. Donald John Trump. Second Inaugural Address (Jan 20, 2025). See e.g., Greg Rosalsky, “Can President Trump ignore Congress’ spending laws? The debate over ‘impoundment‘,” NPR (Feb 18, 2025). See e.g., Rebecca Beitsch and Zach Schonfeld. “Trump confronted for defiance of court orders across series of cases,” The Hill (Apr 21, 2025). See e.g., Lawrence Hurley. “Birthright citizenship and other Trump executive actions likely to face pushback from the courts” NBC (Jan 21, 2025). See e.g., Laura Figueroa Hernandez. “Trump power grab on state issues testing U.S. federalist system, experts say,” Newsday (Aug 30, 2025). Exec. Order No. 14217, 90 F.R. 10577 (2025). United States Institute of Peace v. Jackson, 1:25-cv-00804 (D.D.C): Document 1 (“Complaint”) at 11, filed Mar 18, 2025. United States Institute of Peace v. Jackson, 1:25-cv-00804 (D.D.C): Document 1-5 (“Declaration of George Foote”), filed Mar 18, 2025. See e.g., Meg Kinnard. “Trump says Democrats’ message to military is ‘seditious behavior’ punishable by death,” AP News, Nov 20, 2025; Josh Marcus & Joe Sommerlad. “MTG accuses Trump of ‘directly fueling’ death threats against her son by calling her traitor,” The Independent (Dec 8, 2025). See e.g., Kkanishka Sing. “US Supreme Court Justice Jackson criticizes Trump’s attacks on judges,” Reuters, May 2, 2025. (“”The attacks are not random. They seem designed to intimidate those of us who serve in this critical capacity,” Jackson said at a judges’ conference in Puerto Rico.”) See e.g., Erica L. Green & Maggie Haberman. “Trump Threatens Any Protesters at Military Parade With ‘Very Big Force,” The New York Times, Jun 10, 2025. (“President Trump said on Tuesday that protesters who assembled during a military parade he planned in Washington on Saturday for the Army’s 250th birthday would be met with “very big force” — a dark warning that made no distinction between peaceful demonstrations and violent confrontations.”); See also Newsom v. Trump, 25-cv-04870-CRB (N.D.CA): Document 225: (“Order Granting Renewed Motion for Preliminary Injunction”), filed Dec 10, 2025 (“It is profoundly un-American to suggest that people peacefully exercising their fundamental right to protest constitute a risk justifying the federalization of military forces.”). See Brief for the Constitutional Law Prof. Mark A. Graber as Amicus Curiae, pp. 12-14, Trump v. Anderson, 601 U.S. ___ (2024). See e.g., Chicago Headline Club v. Noem, 1:25-cv-12173 (N.D. IL): Document 285 (“Opinion and Order”), filed Nov 20, 2025 (“Defendants have made statements critical of the First Amendment right toprotest or speak critically about the administration’s actions…While Defendants argue that they used less lethal force as a de-escalation technique to reduce the risk of harm to both agents and the public, Plaintiffs have marshaled ample evidence that agents intended to cause protesters harm and that no legitimate governmental interest justified their actions.”); Longworth et al. v. Trump et al., 6:25-cv-02268-AA (D. OR): Document 1: (“Complaint”), filed Dec 5, 2025; Jim Mustian and Jack Brook, “Records detail government online monitoring in New Orleans immigration crackdown.” Los Angeles Times, Dec 7, 2025. Dept. of Homeland Security [@DHSgov]. Oct 28, 2025. “We REFUSE to back down from our mission to make America safe. @CMDROpAtLargeCA is putting his life on the line to protect our citizens, and no amount of radical terror or anarchy will stop us in our mission ”. [Tweet]. X.com. National Security Presidential Memorandum 7, 90 FR 47225 (2025). Chicago Headline Club v. Noem, 1:25-cv-12173 (N.D. IL): Document 285 (“Opinion and Order”), filed Nov 20, 2025. See esp. pp. 38-41. Dave Savini & Samah Assad. “Broadview police chief accuses ICE agents of making false 911 calls.” CBS News, Oct 2, 2025. Jennifer Rubin and Aaron Reichlin-Melnick, “ICE is out of control: Aaron Reichlin-Melnick on raids, detention, and deportation” The Contrarian, Oct 7, 2025. “No warrant could authorize entering every single apartment, smashing down every door, and dragging every person out in handcuffs, which is what they did.” Melissa Sanchez et al. “‘I Lost Everything’: Venezuelans Were Rounded Up in a Dramatic Midnight Raid but Never Charged With a Crime.” Pro Publica, Nov. 13, 2025. Anonymous, “Anonymous Whistleblower Disclosure” Whistleblower Aid, Jan. 6 2026. (Internal citations omitted.) Walter Olson, “In Minnesota, ICE Is Assaulting the Constitutional Rights of Citizens” Cato Institute, Jan. 23, 2026. Devon Lum, Robin Stein, and Ainara Tiefenthäler. “Videos Contradict Trump Administration Accout of ICE Shooting in Minneapolis” The New York Times, Jan. 8, 2026 and “Live Updates: Federal Agents Kill a 37-Year-Old Minneapolis Man” The New York Times, Jan. 24 2026. U.S. Attorney General Pamela Bondi to Minnesota Governor Tim Walz, Jan